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Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-862.14.4.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Sep 26 15:12:11 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxecho 'main(){}'|gcc -E -v - 输出结果：
Using built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=gccTarget: x86_64-redhat-linuxConfigured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linuxThread model: posixgcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/cc1 -E -quiet -v - -mtune=generic -march=x86-64ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include-fixed"ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include"#include "..." search starts here:#include <...> search starts here: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include /usr/local/include /usr/includeEnd of search list.# 1 ""# 1 " "# 1 " "# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4# 1 " " 2# 1 " "main(){}COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
#include <…> search starts here:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include /usr/local/include /usr/include 默认会在上述路径查找头文件echo 'main(){}'|arm-linux-gcc -E -v - 输出结果：
Using built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc.br_realTarget: arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabiConfigured with: ./configure --prefix=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --sysconfdir=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/etc --enable-static --target=arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --disable-__cxa_atexit --with-gnu-ld --disable-libssp --disable-multilib --with-gmp=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-mpfr=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --with-pkgversion='Buildroot 2016.02' --with-bugurl=http://bugs.buildroot.net/ --disable-libquadmath --enable-tls --disable-libmudflap --enable-threads --with-mpc=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr --without-isl --without-cloog --with-float=soft --disable-decimal-float --with-abi=aapcs-linux --with-cpu=cortex-a9 --with-float=soft --with-mode=arm --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-build-time-tools=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin --enable-shared --disable-libgompThread model: posixgcc version 5.3.0 (Buildroot 2016.02) COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu' /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/cc1 -E -quiet -v -isysroot /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot - -mcpu=cortex-a9 -mfloat-abi=soft -mabi=aapcs-linux -marm -mtls-dialect=gnu -Osignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/local/include"#include "..." search starts here:#include <...> search starts here: /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/includeEnd of search list.# 1 ""# 1 " "# 1 " "# 1 "/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4# 1 " " 2# 1 " "main(){}COMPILER_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/libexec/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/bin/LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/../../../../arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/lib/:/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/lib/COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-Os' '-pipe' '-E' '-v' '-mcpu=cortex-a9' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mabi=aapcs-linux' '-marm' '-mtls-dialect=gnu'
#include <…> search starts here:
/opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/include-fixed /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/lib/gcc/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/…/…/…/…/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/include /opt/toolchains/crosstools-arm-gcc-5.3-linux-4.1-glibc-2.24-binutils-2.25/usr/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabi/sysroot/usr/include默认会在上述路径查找头文件，即交叉编译工具链的目录下
例如驱动程序。在编译时的Makefile中指定内核源码目录：
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/buildPWD := $(shell pwd)default: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
使用-C手动指定内核源码目录
若 /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build 没有指定的源码，使用yun install kernel-devel安装（CentOS系统）。
-I （大写i） 指定寻找头文件目录
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0
去/root/libpcap-1.9.0目录下寻找pcap.h头文件
-L（大写l）指定寻找库文件目录
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0 -o pktanalyze -L./ -lpcap
在./目录（当前目录）下寻找需要链接的pcap库
-l（小写l）指定程序所需库文件
arm-linux-gcc $(CFLAGS) -Wall -I/root/libpcap-1.9.0 -o pktanalyze -L./ -lpcap
指定程序链接的库，把库文件名的头lib和尾.so去掉就是库名了。
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